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Abstract
Due to the huge structural complexity of granular sludge and the many trophic interactions among the microbial populations required to transform complex organic matter into biogas (CO2 and CH4), the microbial ecology of micro ecosystem is still not understood. Microbial ecology techniques, such as 16SrRNA, gene cloning and sequencing. Fluorescence insitu hybridization and denatured gradient gel electrophoresis are now a days the most powerful tool available to access the diversity, abundance and distribution of microorganisms in natural and engineered ecosystems, superceding the restrictions and bias of conventional microbiology technique.
The ability of molecular methods to provide high information not attained by traditional methods. They directly interrogate the genetic information contained by the microorganisms composting the microbial community. The effective use of molecular biology to improve biological treatment processes is that molecular methods most important complements to more traditional measures and quantitative analysis. An appropriate scientific basis of new molecular data exits to effectively use these tools toward increased understanding of complex waste treatment environment. From the literature it has been amply reviewed that the best molecular biology tools to serve as an identity for accessing and quantitatively determining the microbial community, existing in conventional wastewater treatment systems.##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
How to Cite
Pandy, P. S. (2015). Application of Molecular Biology in the Wastewater Treatment. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology, 2(04). Retrieved from https://ijetst.igmpublication.org/index.php/ijetst/article/view/596
References
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22. Tatsuhiko Hoshino,Naohiro noda, Santoshi Tsueda,Akira Hirata and Yuhei Inamori (2001), ‘Direct detection by Insitu PCR of the amoA Gene in Biofilm Resulting from a nitrogen removal process’ Applied environmental microbiology, Pp 5261-5266, Nov.2001.
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2. T.A.Brown (1991), ‘Essential Molecular Biology: A practical approach’, 1991. Bruce K.Mobarry, Michael Wagner, Vincent Urbain, Bruce E.Rittmann and David. A.Stahl (1996), ‘Phylogenetic probes for analyzing abundance and spatial organization of nitrifying bacteria’, Applied environmental microbiology, pp2156-2162, 1996.
3. Bruce E.Rittmann (2002), ‘The role of molecular methods in evaluating biolo-gical treatment processes’ Water Environ. Res.74, 421, 2002.
4. N.Cabirol,.J.Fernandez, .Mendoza and A.Noyola (2003), ‘Acclimation of mesophlic anaerobic sludge to thermophlic conditions: PCR genera detection method-logy’, water science and technology Vol.48, No.6, Pp 81-86,2003.
5. Carlos B.Miguez,Chun F.Shen and Denis Bourque (1999), ‘Monitoring Methanotro-phic bacteria in hybrid anaerobic-aerobic reactors with PCR and a catabolic gene probe’, Applied environmental microbiology,Pp381-388,Feb.1999.
6. H.M.Dionisi, A.C.Layton, K.G.Robinson, J.R.Brown (2002), ‘Quantification of nitrosomonas oligotropha and nitrospira spp. Using competitive Polymerase chain reaction in bench scale wastewater treatment reactors operating at different solid retention time’, Water Environ. Res. 74,462, 2002.
7. E.Diaz, R.Amils and J.L. Sanz (2003), ‘Molecular ecology of anaerobic granular sludge at different conditions’, water science and technology, Vol.48, No.6, Pp 57-64,2003.
8. C.Etchebehere, A.Cabezas,P.Dabert and L.Muxi (2003), ‘Evolution of the bacterial community during granules formation in denitrifying reactors followed by molec-ular culture- independent techniques’, Water science and technology, vol.46, No.6, Pp75-79, 2003.
9. Francis L.De los Reyes III,Dagmar Rothauszky,Lutgarde Raskin (2002), ‘Microbial community structures in foaming and non foaming full scale waste water treatment plant’, Water Environ. Res.74,437,2002.
10. H.H.P.Fang, Y.Liu ,S.Z.Ke and T.Zhang (2004), ‘Anaerobic degradation of phenol in wastewater at ambient temperature’, Vol.49,No.1,Pp95-102,2004.
11. N.Kreuzinger , A.Franleitner, G.Wandi, R.Hornek and R.Mach (2003) ‘Molecular biological methods (DGGE) as a tool to investigate nitrification inhibition in wastewater treatment’ Water science and technology, Vol. 47, No.11, Pp 165-172, 2003.
12. M.Keyser, R.C.Witthuhn, L.C.Ronquest and T.J.Britz (2003), ‘Treatment of winery effluent with up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)- granular sludges enriched with Enterobacter Sakazakii’, Biotechnology letters,25,1893-1898, 2003.
13. Largus T.Angenent, Dandan Zhong, Shihwu Sung, Lutgarde Raskin(2002), ‘ Microbial community structure and activity in a compartmentalized, anaerobic bioreactor’, water Environ.Res.74,450, 2002.
14. C.A.Lajoie, G.S.Sayler, C.J.Kelly (2002), ‘The Activated Sludge Biomolecular Database’ Water Environ.Res.74, 480, 2002.
15. M.A.P.Montenegro,J.C.Araujo and R.F.Vazoller, ‘Microbial community evaluation of anaerobic granular sludge from a hybrid reactor treating pentachlorophenol by using fluorescence insitu hybridization’,water science and technology,vol.48,No.6,Pp65-73,2003.
16. M.A.P.Montenegro, J.C.Araujo and R.f.Vazoller, ‘Microbial community evaluation of anaerobic granular sludge from a hybrid reactor treating pentachlorophenol by using fluorescence insitu hybridization’, water science and technology vol 48, No6,Pp65-73,2003.
17. Richard D. Macdonald and Richard H. Lee, ‘Techniques for modeling newly-discovered proteins’
18. Rittmann, B.E; McCarty, P.L (2001), ‘Environmental biotechnology: principles and applications’, McGraw-Hill; New York.
19. K.G.Robinson, H.M.Dionisi, G.Harms, A.C.Layton, I.R.Gregory and G.S.Sayler, (2003), ‘Molecular Assessment of ammonia and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in full scale activated sludge wastewater plants’ water science and technology, Vol.48, No 8,Pp.119-126, 2003.
20. Sidney Biesterfeld, Linda Figueroa (2002), ‘Nitrifying Biofilm development with time: Activity versus phylogenetic composition’, Water Environ.Res. 74,470, 2002.
21. Y.Sekiguchi,Y.Kamagata, A.Ohashi and H. Harada (2002), ‘Molecular and conventional analyses of microbial diversity in mesophilic and thermophilic up flow anaerobic sludge blanket granular sludges’ Water science and technology, vol 45,No.10, Pp19-25, 2002.
22. Tatsuhiko Hoshino,Naohiro noda, Santoshi Tsueda,Akira Hirata and Yuhei Inamori (2001), ‘Direct detection by Insitu PCR of the amoA Gene in Biofilm Resulting from a nitrogen removal process’ Applied environmental microbiology, Pp 5261-5266, Nov.2001.
23. V.urbain, B.Mobarry,V.de.Silva, D.A. Stahl, B.E.Rittmann and J.Manem (1998), ‘integration of performance, molecular biology and modeling to describe the activated sludge process’ water science and technology, vol.37,No.3, Pp 223-229,1998.
24. J. Vandrewaarde, J. Krooneman, B. Geurkink, A.Vander Werf, D. Eikelboom , ‘Molecular monitoring of bulking sludge in industrial wastewater treatment plants’.